I do understand that the money supply is both digitized and printed these days, and that banks get issued with a certain amount and are able to make 10 x loans of the amount of moeny they have in the bank.

Cash is only a small percentage of the money supply with around 85-90% of it being digital transfers. However, fractional reserve banking was made obsolete when we left the gold standard in '34 to combat the depression and fund WWII. Banks now lend "credit", which spends like money except that it cannot retire itself or be net saved. To retire personal bank credit or net save as a nation requires "high power" money that only Congress can create when it deficit spends.

The national debt is simply our "net" money supply and the payment the government makes for the resources and labor it demands from us. Taxes don't fund the government, but they do reduce the effective payment to the private sector, giving us less to spend. The issuer of a sovereign fiat currency never needs our money to enable its spending. It does, however, need us to need its money so it can provision itself without a revenue stream. That is the primary purpose of taxation, to drive the need for its currency.

Since the federal government is the source of all net dollars in the economy after private sector bank debt is accounted for it can "afford" anything that can be resourced and is for sale in US dollars. That means that "ALL" suffering in this country is a political choice, not a lack of funding.