"Money is an abstract social power based in law; and whatever government accepts in payment of taxes will be money.”
This is the beginning of econ literacy. It defines money correctly as the system that allows a currency-issuing government to function without having a revenue stream to transfer purchasing power from the private sector to it as needed.
It places the creation of money in the private sector, with no burden to repay that "debt" implied, as the first order of funding itself and the economy. One simply cannot collect or borrow what doesn't yet exist. Taxing then becomes secondary to the purposes of funding such a government, but even that is not necessary beyond driving the demand for a free-floating fiat currency and establishing a more equitable distribution.
However, your history lesson isn't complete as it fails to stress the monumental change in our economy when FDR ended the convertibility of US dollars to gold, removing the necessity to "pay for" federal spending via taxation or borrowing. Only the requirement of a tax and loan account (not part of the money supply) to "cover" spending in the Federal Reserve Act (1913) and a meaningless "debt ceiling" stand in the way of Congress having control of our economy.